一、啟動

　　1、 Start up

　　沼氣工程啟動之前需要對原料進行必要的前處理，這是保證沼氣發酵池正常運行的首要前提條件，其中包括沉砂池、格柵去掉大塊雜物，清除浮渣等；用回流液調節進料的pH值；進料濃度應在10%以下，進料液的pH值在7左右。沼氣反應器的投料啟動非常關鍵，夏季一般在3-7天，冬季在1-2個月，主要由原料的堆漚程度而定，堆漚的目的是為了調節酸堿度、排放原料內的空氣和添加甲烷（沼氣）菌進行接種。因此，新池子啟動前應先將發酵原料堆漚好或從其他已經正常運行的沼氣工程設施中抽取一定的沼渣沼液作為接種物，再投入池內，否則將會延長幾倍的啟動時間。

　　Before starting the biogas project, it is necessary to perform necessary pre-treatment on the raw materials, which is the primary prerequisite for ensuring the normal operation of the biogas fermentation tank. This includes removing large debris from the sedimentation tank and grid, and removing floating slag; Adjust the pH value of the feed with reflux solution; The feed concentration should be below 10%, and the pH value of the feed solution should be around 7. The feeding and start-up of the biogas reactor are crucial, usually taking 3-7 days in summer and 1-2 months in winter, depending on the degree of composting of the raw materials. The purpose of composting is to regulate the acidity and alkalinity, discharge air from the raw materials, and add methane (biogas) bacteria for inoculation. Therefore, before starting the new pond, the fermentation raw materials should be piled up or a certain amount of biogas slurry should be extracted from other normally operating biogas engineering facilities as inoculum, and then put into the pond, otherwise it will prolong the start-up time by several times.

　　二、運行管理（一）一般要求1、運行管理

　　2、 Operation Management (1) General Requirements 1. Operation Management

　　1）“沼氣工程”運行、維護及安全應符合國家現行有關標準的規定。

　　1) The operation, maintenance, and safety of biogas projects should comply with the relevant national standards currently in effect.

　　2） 運行管理人員必須熟悉“沼氣工程”處理工藝和設施、設備的運行要求與技術指標，并應持有職業資格證書（沼氣生產）。

　　2) The operation management personnel must be familiar with the operation requirements and technical indicators of the "biogas engineering" treatment process, facilities, and equipment, and should hold a professional qualification certificate (biogas production).

　　3）操作人員必須了解本工程處理工藝，熟悉本崗位設施、設備的運行要求和技術指標。

　　3) Operators must understand the processing technology of this project, be familiar with the operational requirements and technical indicators of the facilities and equipment in this position.

　　4）設備啟動應做好全面檢查和準備工作，確認無誤后方可開機運行。

　　4) The equipment should be thoroughly inspected and prepared before starting up, and can only be started and operated after confirming that there are no errors.

　　5）操作人員發現運行異常時，應采取相應措施并及時報告負責人。

　　5) When operators discover abnormal operation, they should take corresponding measures and report to the responsible person in a timely manner.

　　6）各種設施、設備應保持整潔，避免水、泥、氣泄漏。

　　6) All facilities and equipment should be kept clean to avoid water, mud, and gas leaks.

　　2、維護保養

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）“沼氣工程”應建立日常保養、定期維護和大修三級維護保養制度。

　　1) The "biogas project" should establish a three-level maintenance system of daily maintenance, regular maintenance, and major repairs.

　　2）專業維修人員必須熟悉機電設備、處理設施的維修保養計劃及檢查驗收制度。

　　2) Professional maintenance personnel must be familiar with the maintenance plan and inspection and acceptance system for mechanical and electrical equipment and processing facilities.

　　3）鍋爐、壓力容器等設備重點部件的檢修，應由安全勞動部門認可的維修單位負責。

　　3) The maintenance of key components such as boilers and pressure vessels should be carried out by maintenance units recognized by the safety and labor department.

　　4）場內的建、構筑物的避雷、防爆裝置的維修應符合氣象和消防部門的規定，并申報有關部門定期測試。

　　4) The maintenance of lightning protection and explosion-proof devices for buildings and structures on site should comply with the regulations of meteorological and fire departments, and be reported to relevant departments for regular testing.

　　5）維修人員應按設備使用要求定期檢查和更換安全和消防等防護設施、設備。

　　5) Maintenance personnel should regularly inspect and replace safety and fire protection facilities and equipment according to equipment usage requirements.

　　6）應定期檢查、緊固設備連接件，定期檢查電動閥門的控制元件、手動與電動的聯鎖裝置。

　　6) Regular inspection and fastening of equipment connections should be carried out, and the control components of electric valves and manual and electric interlocking devices should be checked regularly.

　　7）構筑物之間的明渠等應定期清理確保暢通無阻。

　　7) Open channels between structures should be regularly cleaned to ensure unobstructed flow.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）對員工必須進行系統安全教育，應定期進行安全學習。

　　1) Employees must receive systematic security education and regular security learning should be conducted.

　　2）從事電氣、鍋爐、化驗分析等特殊工種的人員，必須通過職業技能、安全技術培訓，原則上經鑒定合格并取得相應行業的職業資格證書后方可上崗操作。

　　2) Personnel engaged in special occupations such as electrical, boiler, laboratory analysis, etc. must undergo vocational skills and safety technical training, and in principle, pass the appraisal and obtain the corresponding industry's vocational qualification certificate before they can work.

　　3）運行管理人員必須了解“沼氣工程”內的各種有害因素與操作及維修工作的利害關系。

　　3) Operation and management personnel must understand the various harmful factors within the "biogas project" and the interests of operation and maintenance work.

　　4）各崗位操作人員上崗時必須穿戴相應的勞保用品，做好安全衛生工作。

　　4) Operators at all positions must wear appropriate personal protective equipment and ensure safety and hygiene measures are taken when on duty.

　　5）對產生、輸送、貯存沼氣的設施應做好安全防護，并應符合下列規定：

　　5) Facilities for generating, transporting, and storing biogas should be properly protected and comply with the following regulations:

　　a）嚴禁沼氣泄漏或空氣進入厭氧消化器及沼氣貯氣、配氣系統；

　　a) It is strictly prohibited for biogas leakage or air to enter anaerobic digesters and biogas storage and distribution systems;

　　b）嚴禁違章明火作業；

　　b) Strictly prohibit illegal open flame operations;

　　c）貯氣柜蓄水池內的水嚴禁隨意排放，以防罐內產生負壓損壞罐體。

　　c) It is strictly prohibited to discharge the water in the gas storage tank at will to prevent negative pressure from damaging the tank.

　　6）凡在對具有有害氣體或可燃性氣體的構筑物或容器進行放空清理和維修時，應打開入孔與頂蓋，采用強制通風措施24小時后。采用活體小動物（雞）進行有害氣體檢測無誤后檢修人員方可進入，池外必須有人進行安全保護防止意外發生。

　　6) When venting, cleaning, and repairing structures or containers containing harmful or flammable gases, the inlet and top cover should be opened, and forced ventilation measures should be taken 24 hours later. After using live small animals (chickens) for harmful gas detection, maintenance personnel can only enter. There must be someone outside the pool for safety protection to prevent accidents from happening.

　　7）電源電壓大于或小于額定電壓5％時，嚴禁起動大型電機，電氣設備必須可靠接地。

　　7) When the power supply voltage is greater than or less than 5% of the rated voltage, it is strictly prohibited to start large motors, and electrical equipment must be reliably grounded.

　　8）操作電器開關時，應按電工安全用電操作規程進行。

　　8) When operating electrical switches, follow the electrical safety operation procedures for electricians.

　　9）嚴禁非本崗位人員啟、閉，機電設備。

　　9) It is strictly prohibited for non personnel in this position to open or close mechanical and electrical equipment.

　　10）維修各種設備時必須切斷電源，并應在控制箱外掛維修警示牌。

　　10) When repairing various equipment, the power must be cut off and a maintenance warning sign should be hung outside the control box.

　　11）在運轉中清理機電設備及周圍環境衛生時，嚴禁擦拭設備運轉部位，不得將沖洗水濺到電纜頭和電機。

　　11) When cleaning the mechanical and electrical equipment and the surrounding environment during operation, it is strictly prohibited to wipe the operating parts of the equipment, and rinse water must not splash onto cable heads and motors.

　　12）操作人員應熟練掌握，并會合理使用滅火器具。

　　12) Operators should be proficient and able to use fire extinguishing equipment reasonably.

　　13）清撈雜物、浮渣及清掃堰口時，應有安全及監護措施。

　　13) Safety and monitoring measures should be taken when clearing debris, floating slag, and cleaning the weir mouth.

　　14）在構筑物上或敞開式池、井邊巡視、操作時，應注意安全，雨天或冰雪天氣應特別注意防滑。

　　14) When inspecting and operating on structures or open pools and wells, safety should be taken into account, and special attention should be paid to anti slip during rainy or snowy weather.

　　（二）格柵1、運行管理

　　（2） Grille 1. Operation management

　　1）格柵攔截的雜物應及時清除，雜物應采取適當處置措施。

　　1) The debris intercepted by the grille should be promptly removed, and appropriate disposal measures should be taken for the debris.

　　2）采用機械清撈雜物時，應監視機電設備運轉情況及渠道液面的變化，發現問題及時處理。

　　2) When using mechanical cleaning to remove debris, the operation of the mechanical and electrical equipment and changes in the channel liquid level should be monitored, and any problems should be promptly addressed.

　　3）畜禽場排污時應每半個小時檢查一次格柵的情況，及時清潔格柵。

　　3) When discharging pollutants from livestock and poultry farms, the condition of the grille should be checked every half hour and the grille should be cleaned in a timely manner.

　　2、維護保養

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）應定期檢修、保養格柵，對于破損的要及時更換。

　　1) The grille should be regularly inspected and maintained, and any damaged ones should be replaced in a timely manner.

　　2）機械格柵機運轉結束后應及時清洗格柵機。3、安全操作

　　2) After the operation of the mechanical grid machine is completed, it should be cleaned in a timely manner. 3. Safe operation

　　人工清掏雜物時，應注意防滑。（三）水泵1、運行管理

　　When manually cleaning debris, attention should be paid to anti slip. （3） Pump 1. Operation management

　　1）水泵在運行中，必須嚴格執行巡回檢查制度，并應符合下列規定：

　　1) During operation, the water pump must strictly follow the patrol inspection system and comply with the following regulations:

　　a）應注意觀察各種儀表顯示是否正常、穩定；

　　a) Attention should be paid to observing whether various instrument displays are normal and stable;

　　b）軸承溫升不得超過環境溫度35℃，軸承溫度最高不得超過75℃；

　　b) The temperature rise of the bearing shall not exceed 35 ℃ of the ambient temperature, and the maximum temperature of the bearing shall not exceed 75 ℃;

　　c）水泵機組不得有異常的噪音或振動；

　　c) The water pump unit shall not have abnormal noise or vibration;

　　d）勻漿集水池應設低水位報警及顯示裝置。

　　d) The homogenized water collection tank should be equipped with a low water level alarm and display device.

　　2）當選擇潛水泵時必須保證泵防水電纜的可靠固定。 3）應及時清除泵葉輪堵塞物。

　　2) When choosing a submersible pump, it is necessary to ensure the reliable fixation of the pump's waterproof cable. 3) The blockage of the pump impeller should be promptly removed.

　　2、維護保養

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）定期檢查水泵、閥門填料或油封密封情況，并根據需要填加或更換填料、潤滑油、潤滑脂。

　　1) Regularly check the sealing condition of water pumps, valve packing or oil seals, and add or replace packing, lubricating oil, and grease as needed.

　　2）應定期檢修勻漿集水池液位控制器及其信號轉換裝置。

　　2) Regular maintenance should be carried out on the level controller and signal conversion device of the homogenate collection tank.

　　3）備用泵及相關閥門應每周至少運轉、開閉一次。當環境溫度低于0℃時，泵停止運轉后必須放掉泵殼內的存水。

　　3) The standby pump and related valves should be operated and opened/closed at least once a week. When the ambient temperature is below 0 ℃, the stored water inside the pump casing must be drained after the pump stops running.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）水泵啟動或運行時，操作人員不得接觸轉動部位。

　　1) When the water pump is started or running, the operator must not touch the rotating parts.

　　2）當突然斷電或設備發生事故時，應首先切斷電源，打開事故排放口閘閥，將進水口處閘閥全部關閉，并及時上報，未排除故障前不得擅自接通電源。

　　2) When there is a sudden power outage or equipment accident, the power should be cut off first, the accident discharge gate valve should be opened, all gate valves at the inlet should be closed, and timely reporting should be made. The power should not be connected without troubleshooting.

　　3）操作人員在水泵運行穩定后，方可離開。

　　3) The operator can only leave after the water pump is running stably.

　　4）嚴禁頻繁啟動水泵。

　　4) It is strictly prohibited to frequently start the water pump.

　　5）水泵運行中發現下列情況時，應立即停機：

　　5) When the following situations are found during the operation of the water pump, it should be stopped immediately:

　　a）水泵發生斷軸故障；

　　a) The water pump has a broken shaft fault;

　　b）突然發生異常聲響；

　　b) Sudden abnormal noise;

　　c）軸承溫度過高；

　　c) The bearing temperature is too high;

　　d）電壓表、電流表的顯示值過低或過高（超過或低于額定電壓或電流的5%）；

　　d) The display values of the voltmeter and ammeter are too low or too high (exceeding or falling below 5% of the rated voltage or current);

　　e）機房管線、閥門發生大量漏水；

　　e) There is a large amount of water leakage in the pipelines and valves of the computer room;

　　f）電機發生故障。

　　f) The motor has malfunctioned.

　　（四）固液分離機1、運行管理

　　（4） Solid liquid separator 1. Operation management

　　1）仔細閱讀設備安裝、使用說明書，按設備使用說明書進行調整、操作、保養。

　　1) Carefully read the equipment installation and usage instructions, and adjust, operate, and maintain according to the equipment usage instructions.

　　2）固液分離機帶負荷運行前，應空載試車。

　　2) Before operating the solid-liquid separator with load, a no-load test should be conducted.

　　3）固液分離機在正常工作時應經常檢查設備運轉情況，根據污水水質、分離后污水水量及時調節進入固液分離機的污水流量。

　　3) During normal operation, the solid-liquid separator should be regularly checked for equipment operation, and the flow rate of wastewater entering the solid-liquid separator should be adjusted in a timely manner based on the quality of wastewater and the amount of wastewater after separation.

　　4）應根據固液分離機分離出的固形物的含水率，按工藝要求調節設備運行參數。

　　4) The operating parameters of the equipment should be adjusted according to the process requirements based on the moisture content of the solid separated by the solid-liquid separator.

　　5）每日工作完畢，應對固液分離機徹底清洗，長期不使用應將污水和廢渣徹底清理干凈，預防結凍。

　　5) After daily work, the solid-liquid separator should be thoroughly cleaned. If it is not used for a long time, the sewage and waste residue should be thoroughly cleaned to prevent freezing.

　　2、維護保養

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）按固液分離機使用說明書的要求定期保養，添加潤滑油（脂）。

　　1) Regularly maintain the solid-liquid separator according to the instructions and add lubricating oil (grease).

　　2）固液分離機發生故障或損壞時，應及時維修或更換部件。

　　2) When the solid-liquid separator malfunctions or is damaged, it should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.

　　3）當發生過負荷跳閘時，應查找原因，待故障排除后方可重新合閘。

　　3) When an overload trip occurs, the cause should be investigated and the fault should be resolved before closing the circuit again.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）固液分離機運行時，操作人員不得靠近設備旋轉部位。

　　1) During the operation of the solid-liquid separator, operators must not approach the rotating parts of the equipment.

　　2）固液分離機運行時，操作人員不得站在出料口的正前方以防料液噴出。

　　2) When the solid-liquid separator is running, the operator must not stand directly in front of the discharge port to prevent the liquid from spraying out.

　　3）固液分離機運行時出現異常現象應立即停機檢修。

　　3) If any abnormal phenomena occur during the operation of the solid-liquid separator, it should be immediately shut down for maintenance.

　　4）檢修工作必須在停機狀態下進行。（五）厭氧消化器1、運行管理

　　4) Maintenance work must be carried out in a shutdown state. （5） Anaerobic digester 1. Operation and management

　　1）無論是在啟動或是在正常運行時均要保證厭氧消化器內料液pH值維持在6.8-7.6之間。

　　1) Whether during start-up or normal operation, it is necessary to ensure that the pH value of the feed solution in the anaerobic digester is maintained between 6.8-7.6.

　　2）厭氧消化器投加畜禽糞便污水應按具體工藝要求的數量、濃度和時間間隔進行。

　　2) The addition of livestock and poultry manure wastewater to anaerobic digesters should be carried out according to the specific process requirements in terms of quantity, concentration, and time interval.

　　3）厭氧消化器應維持穩定的中溫或近中溫（35℃或者25℃左右）的消化溫度。采用熱交換器加熱的，應每日測量熱交換器污水進、出口的水溫。

　　3) Anaerobic digesters should maintain a stable medium or near medium temperature (around 35 ℃ or 25 ℃) digestion temperature. If a heat exchanger is used for heating, the water temperature at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger should be measured daily.

　　4）厭氧消化器的攪拌按工藝要求運行，一般采用沼氣攪拌、進料、機械、料液回流等方式來完成。

　　4) The stirring of anaerobic digesters is operated according to process requirements, generally using methods such as biogas stirring, feeding, machinery, and liquid reflux.

　　5）厭氧消化器內料液的pH值、揮發酸、總堿度和溫度及內部沼氣壓力、產氣量和沼氣成分宜每日監測，并根據監測數據及時調整厭氧消化器運行工況或采取相應措施。

　　5) The pH value, volatile acid, total alkalinity, temperature, internal biogas pressure, gas production, and biogas composition of the feed liquid in the anaerobic digester should be monitored daily, and the operating conditions of the anaerobic digester should be adjusted or corresponding measures should be taken in a timely manner based on the monitoring data.

　　6）厭氧消化器的沼渣應按設計要求定時排出，一般每半年排渣一次。排渣量由污泥層取樣口控制。凡是有雙閥門處里側為常開閥門，常開閥應每周開閉一次，以保證閥門始終處于良好的工作狀態。

　　6) The sludge from anaerobic digesters should be discharged regularly according to design requirements, usually once every six months. The amount of slag discharge is controlled by the sampling port of the sludge layer. Whenever there are double valves, the inner side should be a normally open valve, which should be opened and closed once a week to ensure that the valve is always in good working condition.

　　7）厭氧消化器溢流管必須保持暢通并應保證厭氧消化器的水封高度，冬季應每日檢查。環境溫度低于0℃時，應防止水封結冰。

　　7) The overflow pipe of the anaerobic digester must be kept unobstructed and the water seal height of the anaerobic digester should be ensured. It should be checked daily in winter. When the ambient temperature is below 0 ℃, the water seal should be prevented from freezing.

　　8）厭氧消化器放空清理時應符合下列規定：

　　8) The emptying and cleaning of anaerobic digesters should comply with the following regulations:

　　a）放空清理時，應停止進料，關閉厭氧消化器與貯氣柜的聯接閥門，打開厭氧消化器頂部檢修入孔；

　　a) When emptying and cleaning, the feeding should be stopped, the connecting valve between the anaerobic digester and the gas storage tank should be closed, and the top maintenance access hole of the anaerobic digester should be opened;

　　b）工作人員進入厭氧消化器清理時，必須在完全通風換氣之后進行操作；

　　b) When personnel enter the anaerobic digester for cleaning, they must operate after complete ventilation and air exchange;

　　c）當厭氧消化器，需長時間停用時，應保持池內水位不低于池體高度的1/2，并定期檢查及時補充。2、維護保養

　　c) When the anaerobic digester needs to be stopped for a long time, the water level in the tank should be maintained at not less than 1/2 of the tank height, and regular inspections should be conducted to replenish it in a timely manner. 2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）厭氧消化器本體、各種管道及閥門應每年進行一次檢查和維修。

　　1) The anaerobic digester body, various pipelines, and valves should be inspected and repaired once a year.

　　2）厭氧消化器的各種加熱設施應經常除垢、清通。

　　2) The various heating facilities of anaerobic digesters should be regularly cleaned and cleared.

　　3）當采用機械攪拌時．軸承應定期檢查，添加潤滑油，支撐架的連接螺栓應經常檢查和緊固。

　　3) When using mechanical mixing, the bearings should be checked regularly, lubricating oil should be added, and the connecting bolts of the support frame should be checked and tightened regularly.

　　4）蒸汽管道、沼氣管道的冷凝水應按設計規定定期排放。

　　4) The condensed water from steam pipelines and biogas pipelines should be discharged regularly according to design regulations.

　　5）厭氧消化器，宜3～4年徹底清理、檢修一次。

　　5) Anaerobic digesters should be thoroughly cleaned and overhauled every 3-4 years.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）應定期檢查厭氧消化器和沼氣管道是否漏，保證安全。

　　1) Anaerobic digesters and biogas pipelines should be regularly inspected for leaks to ensure safety.

　　2）厭氧消化器放空清理和維修時，首先關閉通往沼氣貯氣柜的閥門、停止進料、打開頂部的入孔，此時方可排料清池，待液面降至下部檢修入孔以下，再打開下部檢修入孔。

　　2) When emptying, cleaning, and repairing the anaerobic digester, first close the valve leading to the biogas storage tank, stop feeding, and open the top inlet. At this time, discharge and clean the tank. Wait until the liquid level drops below the lower maintenance inlet, and then open the lower maintenance inlet.

　　3）進入厭氧消化器內維修時必須采取安全措施，并應有其他人員在池外協作與監護。照明燈必須采用安全電壓防爆型燈具。

　　3) When entering the anaerobic digester for maintenance, safety measures must be taken and other personnel should cooperate and supervise outside the tank. The lighting fixtures must use explosion-proof lamps with safe voltage.

　　4）厭氧消化器排泥時，必須保證厭氧消化器與貯氣柜的可靠聯通。

　　4) When discharging sludge from an anaerobic digester, it is necessary to ensure reliable connection between the digester and the gas storage tank.

　　5）厭氧消化器發生超正、負壓時使防爆窗爆裂時，應更換同等厚度、材質的防爆材料，同時應將所有輸氣管道、相關閥門、溢流管道清通一遍，確保液體、氣體管路的暢通后方可將防爆窗封死重新運行。

　　5) When the explosion-proof window of the anaerobic digester bursts due to excessive positive or negative pressure, it should be replaced with explosion-proof materials of the same thickness and material. At the same time, all gas pipelines, related valves, and overflow pipelines should be cleared to ensure the smooth flow of liquid and gas pipelines before the explosion-proof window can be sealed and restarted.

　　6）操作人員在厭氧消化器上巡回檢查，上、下梯時應注意防止滑倒及高空墜落造成人身傷害。

　　6) Operators should conduct routine inspections on anaerobic digesters and take precautions to prevent slipping and falling from heights when climbing up and down stairs, which may cause personal injury.

　　7）對于地下式結構的厭氧發酵池，還需注意以下幾點：

　　7) For anaerobic fermentation tanks with underground structures, the following points should also be noted:

　　①下池出料、檢修時，一定要做好安全防護措施。揭開活動蓋后，要先出掉池內部分料液，使進料口、出料口、活動蓋三口都通風，并用鼓風的辦法迅速排出池內沼氣。然后用小動物(青蛙、雞、鴨、兔等)放入池內，觀察10-15分鐘，如動物活動正常，方可入池，但必須繼續鼓風。如動物出現異常反應，甚至昏迷，表明池內嚴重缺氧或有殘存的毒性氣體，這時，嚴禁人進入池內。每年大出料必須使用機具出料，人不下池，既方便，又安全。

　　① When discharging materials from the pool and conducting maintenance, it is necessary to take safety precautions. After removing the activity cover, it is necessary to first remove the material separation liquid inside the pool, so that the inlet, outlet, and activity cover are all ventilated, and the biogas in the pool is quickly discharged by blowing air. Then put small animals (frogs, chickens, ducks, rabbits, etc.) into the pool and observe for 10-15 minutes. If the animals are active, they can enter the pool, but the air must continue to blow. If animals exhibit abnormal reactions or even coma, it indicates severe hypoxia or residual toxic gases in the pool. At this time, it is strictly prohibited for people to enter the pool. Every year, large discharges must be carried out using machinery, without people leaving the pool, which is both convenient and safe.

　　②下池檢修的人員，腋下要拴上牢固結實的安全繩，池外要有身強力壯的人看護。一旦下池人員有頭暈、發悶等不舒適的感覺，看護人員要立即拉安全繩，將人救出池外。

　　② The personnel conducting maintenance in the pool should tie a sturdy safety rope under their armpits, and there should be a strong person outside the pool to take care of them. Once the person entering the pool feels uncomfortable such as dizziness or stuffiness, the caregiver should immediately pull the safety rope and rescue the person outside the pool.

　　③揭開活動蓋時，不要在沼氣池周圍點火吸煙。進池出料、維修，只能用手電筒照明或用鏡子反光照明，禁止使用明火。

　　③ When removing the activity cover, do not ignite or smoke around the biogas digester. When entering the pool for material discharge and maintenance, only flashlights or mirrors can be used for illumination, and the use of open flames is prohibited.

　　④禁止向池內丟明火，燒余氣，防止失火、燒傷或引起池子爆炸。

　　④ Do not throw open flames or burn residual gas into the pool to prevent fire, burns, or explosions.

　　（六）沼氣貯氣柜1、運行管理

　　（6） Biogas storage tank 1. Operation management

　　1）沼氣貯氣柜的進、出沼氣量和沼氣壓力，應每班按時觀測并做好記錄。

　　1) The inflow and outflow of biogas and biogas pressure in the biogas storage tank should be observed and recorded on time every shift.

　　2）低壓（濕式、膜式）沼氣貯氣柜的壓力宜為2500帕—4000帕。中高壓沼氣貯氣罐沼氣壓力宜為0.3兆帕—0.8兆帕。

　　2) The pressure of low-pressure (wet, membrane) biogas storage tanks should be between 2500 Pa and 4000 Pa. The biogas pressure in the medium and high pressure biogas storage tank should be between 0.3 megapascals and 0.8 megapascals.

　　3）濕式沼氣貯氣柜的水封應保持設計的水位高度，應適時地補充清水；冬季當氣溫低于0℃時應采取防凍措施。

　　3) The water seal of the wet biogas storage tank should maintain the designed water level height, and clear water should be replenished in a timely manner; When the temperature is below 0 ℃ in winter, anti freezing measures should be taken.

　　4）嚴禁在沼氣濕式貯氣柜降至低位時排水。

　　4) It is strictly prohibited to drain water when the wet biogas storage tank is lowered to a low position.

　　5）宜由限位開關控制濕式貯氣柜氣罩的位置，自動控制沼氣壓縮機工作。每天觀察限位開關工作是否正常。

　　5) It is advisable to use limit switches to control the position of the wet gas storage hood and automatically control the operation of the biogas compressor. Observe daily whether the limit switch is working properly.

　　6）沼氣體壓縮機工作時應經常巡視、檢查。2、維護保養

　　6) The biogas compressor should be regularly inspected and checked during operation. 2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）應定期檢查沼氣貯氣柜、沼氣管道及閘閥是否漏氣。

　　1) Regularly inspect the biogas storage tank, biogas pipeline, and gate valve for any air leaks.

　　2）沼氣貯氣柜外表的油漆或涂料應定期重新涂飾（涂飾反射性色彩）。

　　2) The paint or coating on the surface of the biogas storage tank should be regularly repainted (with reflective colors).

　　3）沼氣貯氣柜的升降設施、進出氣閥門應經常檢查，添加潤滑油（脂）。

　　3) The lifting facilities and inlet and outlet valves of the biogas storage tank should be regularly inspected, and lubricating oil (grease) should be added.

　　4）寒冷地區冬季前應檢修沼氣貯氣柜水封的防凍設施。

　　4) Before winter in cold regions, the anti freezing facilities of the water seal of the biogas storage tank should be inspected.

　　5）貯氣柜水封池存水應定期（6個月）更換，當pH值小于6時應及時換水。

　　5) The water seal pool of the gas storage tank should be replaced regularly (every 6 months), and the water should be replaced promptly when the pH value is less than 6.

　　6）沼氣貯氣柜運行3～5年應徹底維修一次并重新涂飾鐘罩防護油漆。

　　6) The biogas storage tank should be thoroughly repaired and repainted with bell jar protective paint every 3-5 years of operation.

　　7）應定期檢查濕式貯氣柜的限位開關控制。3、安全操作

　　7) The limit switch control of the wet gas storage cabinet should be checked regularly. 3. Safe operation

　　1）工作人員上、下沼氣貯氣柜巡視、操作或維修時，必須配備防止靜電的工作服，并不得穿帶鐵釘的鞋或高跟鞋。

　　1) When the staff go up and down to inspect, operate or maintain the biogas storage tank, they must be equipped with anti-static work clothes and must not wear shoes with iron nails or high heels.

　　2）搶修沼氣貯氣柜應制定安全技術方案，由專業施工隊伍進行施工。

　　2) A safety technical plan should be developed for the emergency repair of biogas storage tanks, and the construction should be carried out by a professional construction team.

　　3）嚴禁將沼氣貯氣柜水封池中的水隨意外排。

　　3) It is strictly prohibited to discharge water from the water sealed pool of the biogas storage tank at will.

　　4）冬季要注意水封池及排水閥門的防凍，防止發生負壓和正壓事故。

　　4) In winter, it is important to pay attention to the anti freezing of water sealed tanks and drainage valves to prevent negative and positive pressure accidents.

　　5）貯氣柜的進、出氣管應安裝阻火器，并應定期拆卸清洗。

　　5) The inlet and outlet pipes of the gas storage cabinet should be equipped with flame arresters and regularly disassembled and cleaned.

　　6）貯氣柜的避雷針應在雷雨季節前進行檢測、保養。

　　6) The lightning rod of the gas storage cabinet should be inspected and maintained before the thunderstorm season.

　　7）在臺風前應打開沼氣貯氣柜緊急放空閥，將貯氣柜降置安全高度。放空管高度應高于1.9米，并加裝阻火器。

　　7) Before the typhoon, the emergency vent valve of the biogas storage tank should be opened and the tank should be lowered to a safe height. The height of the vent pipe should be higher than 1.9 meters and a flame arrester should be installed.

　　（七）沼氣凈化設備1、運行管理

　　（7） Biogas purification equipment 1. Operation management

　　1）定期排除冷凝器中的冷凝水。每日巡查凈化系統前后管道沼氣壓力。

　　1) Regularly remove condensed water from the condenser. Daily inspection of the biogas pressure in the pipeline before and after the purification system.

　　2）凈化設備檢修時依靠旁通管道維持沼氣系統正常運行。

　　2) During the maintenance of purification equipment, the normal operation of the biogas system is maintained by relying on the bypass pipeline.

　　3）沼氣脫硫系統在運行過程中，應經常檢查脫硫塔的氣密性、塔前塔后的沼氣壓力。

　　3) During the operation of the biogas desulfurization system, the airtightness of the desulfurization tower and the biogas pressure before and after the tower should be regularly checked.

　　4）定期更換（再生）脫硫劑（根據沼氣硫化氫的含量確定更換周期），一般脫硫劑完全變成深黑色就可以更換，更換下來的脫硫劑攤開晾在通風干燥處進行再

　　4) Regularly replace (regenerate) the desulfurizer (determine the replacement cycle based on the content of hydrogen sulfide in biogas). Generally, the desulfurizer can be replaced once it has completely turned dark black. The replaced desulfurizer should be spread out and dried in a ventilated and dry place before being replaced

　　2、維護保養

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）定期（每周）對旁路閥門和備用脫硫塔的閥門進行開、閉運轉，檢查沼氣凈化系統的氣密性。

　　1) Regularly (weekly) open and close the bypass valves and backup desulfurization tower valves, and check the airtightness of the biogas purification system.

　　2）定期（每周）排除沼氣凈化設備中的冷凝水。

　　2) Regularly (weekly) remove condensate from biogas purification equipment.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）排除沼氣凈化系統中的冷凝水并應注意防止沼氣外溢。

　　1) Eliminate condensed water from the biogas purification system and pay attention to preventing biogas overflow.

　　2）在清洗沼氣凈化系統時，應打開旁路閥門，并檢查閥門是否完全關閉后方可進一步操作，同時應注意防火、防爆及室內通風。

　　2) When cleaning the biogas purification system, the bypass valve should be opened and checked for complete closure before further operation. At the same time, attention should be paid to fire prevention, explosion prevention, and indoor ventilation.

　　3）如果安裝了可燃氣體警報器，需要定期地（每月）校驗。

　　3) If a combustible gas alarm is installed, it needs to be regularly (monthly) calibrated.

　　（八）沼氣發電機

　　（8） Biogas generator

　　1）沼氣發電機安全使用、維護，參照發電機廠家提供的說明書。

　　1) The safe use and maintenance of biogas generators should refer to the instructions provided by the generator manufacturer.

　　2）每天觀察并記錄供氣管道壓力表數值，以便檢查沼氣壓力是否滿足發電機要求（一般應保持在2000帕以上）；觀察發電機運行過程中相應的儀表參數是否正常。

　　2) Observe and record the pressure gauge value of the gas supply pipeline every day to check whether the biogas pressure meets the requirements of the generator (generally maintained above 2000 Pa); Observe whether the corresponding instrument parameters are normal during the operation of the generator.

　　（九）沼氣鍋爐 沼氣工程配備有沼氣壁掛爐或改裝的沼氣鍋爐的，運行管理、維護保養與安全操作等要求參照廠家提供的說明書。

　　（9） For biogas projects equipped with biogas wall mounted boilers or modified biogas boilers, the requirements for operation management, maintenance, and safe operation should refer to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

　　（十）沼氣火炬 沼氣火炬的運行管理、維護保養與安全操作等要求參照廠家提供的說明書。

　　（10） The operation management, maintenance, and safe operation requirements of biogas torch refer to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

　　（十一）沼氣管網

　　（11） Biogas pipeline network

　　1）沼氣管道或冷凝水收集器內的冷凝水應定期排放，排水時應防止沼氣泄漏。運行中的沼氣管道的檢修和搶修工作，常是帶氣作業，因此，要嚴禁明火，戴好防毒面具。當在沼氣管道帶氣操作時，沼氣壓力應控制在200-800帕范圍之內。帶氣操作時，必須兩人以上，溝槽上留一人觀察。

　　1) The condensate in the biogas pipeline or condensate collector should be discharged regularly, and the leakage of biogas should be prevented during drainage. The maintenance and repair work of biogas pipelines in operation is often carried out with gas, therefore, open flames are strictly prohibited and gas masks should be worn. When operating with gas in the biogas pipeline, the biogas pressure should be controlled within the range of 200-800 Pa. When operating with air, two or more people must be present, and one person must be left on the trench to observe.

　　2）對低壓沼氣管道每月至少兩次巡視，對閥井、底下構筑物的定期預防檢查應同時進行。主要檢查閥井的完好程度，沿線凝水器定期排除以及其他地下設施被沼氣污染的程度。在閥井打開時，嚴禁吸煙、點火、使用非防爆燈等。

　　2) Low pressure biogas pipelines should be inspected at least twice a month, and regular preventive inspections of valve wells and underground structures should be conducted simultaneously. The main inspection is to check the integrity of the valve well, regularly discharge the condenser along the line, and assess the degree of biogas pollution to other underground facilities. Smoking, ignition, and the use of non explosion proof lamps are strictly prohibited when the valve well is opened.

　　3）沼氣管道日常維護管理的主要工作之一是管道的檢漏。可以根據沼氣味的濃淡程度，初步確定出一個大致的漏氣范圍，采用各種方法進行查找。

　　3) One of the main tasks of daily maintenance and management of biogas pipelines is leak detection. A rough range of gas leakage can be determined based on the intensity of biogas odor, and various methods can be used to search for it.

　　4）巡查檢漏的周期、次數應根據管道的運行壓力、管材、埋設年限、土質、地下水位、道路的交通量以及以往的漏氣記錄等全面考慮后決定。巡查檢漏工作應有專人負責、長年堅持、形成制度，除平時的檢漏外，每隔一定年限還應有重點地、徹底地檢漏一次，檢漏方法可結合管道的具體情況適當選定。

　　4) The cycle and frequency of inspection and leak detection should be determined after comprehensive consideration of the operating pressure, pipe material, burial period, soil quality, groundwater level, road traffic volume, and past leak records of the pipeline. The inspection and leak detection work should be carried out by a dedicated person, adhered to for a long time, and a system should be established. In addition to regular leak detection, a targeted and thorough leak detection should be conducted every certain period of time. The leak detection method can be selected appropriately based on the specific situation of the pipeline.

　　（十二）沼渣沼液貯存池1、運行管理

　　（12） Storage tank for sludge and slurry 1. Operation and management

　　1）操作人員應每班巡回檢查、撈浮渣。

　　1) Operators should conduct patrol inspections and remove floating debris every shift.

　　2）清撈出的浮渣不得露天長期存放，應運至沼渣干化場，待集中處理后用作有機肥基本原料。

　　2) The cleaned floating slag shall not be stored in the open air for a long time. It should be transported to the sludge drying plant and used as the basic raw material for organic fertilizer after centralized treatment.

　　3）正常運轉后根據具體情況定期排泥（渣），一般每三個月排渣一次。

　　3) After normal operation, sludge (slag) should be discharged regularly according to the specific situation, usually once every three months.

　　2、維護保養

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）連接貯存調節池的管道、溝渠應定期清理。

　　1) The pipelines and ditches connecting the storage and regulation tank should be cleaned regularly.

　　2）貯存調節池應每年放空、清理一次。

　　2) The storage regulating tank should be emptied and cleaned once a year.

　　3）排渣時應檢查排渣閥門啟、閉狀態是否正常。寒冷地區應設置防凍閥門井。

　　3) When discharging slag, check whether the opening and closing status of the slag discharge valve is normal. Antifreeze valve wells should be installed in cold regions.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）清撈浮渣、清掃堰口時，應注意防滑。

　　1) When removing floating debris and cleaning the weir mouth, attention should be paid to anti slip.

　　2）防止沼液溢流。

　　2) Prevent the overflow of biogas slurry.

　　（十三）控制場所（室）

　　（13） Control location (room)

　　1、運行管理

　　1. Operation management

　　1）操作人員應注意觀察各種設備或系統的控制信號是否正常，并進行運行記錄，發現故障應立即通知檢修人員或運行管理人員。

　　1) Operators should pay attention to observing whether the control signals of various equipment or systems are normal, and make operation records. If any faults are found, maintenance personnel or operation management personnel should be notified immediately.

　　2）按時巡視控制儀器和顯示記錄儀表，發現異常情況應及時采取措施。

　　2) Regularly inspect control instruments and display recording instruments, and take timely measures if any abnormal situations are found.

　　3）各類檢測儀表的傳感器、變送器和轉換器均應按要求清污除垢。

　　3) The sensors, transmitters, and converters of various detection instruments should be cleaned and scaled as required.

　　4）更換儀表時不得隨意變動已布設的檢測點。也不得隨意拆卸變送器和轉換器。

　　4) When replacing the instrument, it is not allowed to arbitrarily change the already set detection points. Do not disassemble the transmitter and converter at will.

　　2、維護保養

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）控制屏的維護保養應符合下列規定： a）應保持控制屏內清潔； b）接觸器、繼電器的接觸點應定期檢查和更換，定期校驗程序控制系統； c）電纜終端的夾鉗應定期檢查，保證接觸緊密和無銹蝕； d）維修工作結束后，應保持電纜排列整齊，分類清楚。

　　1) The maintenance and upkeep of the control screen should comply with the following regulations: a) The interior of the control screen should be kept clean; b) The contact points of contactors and relays should be regularly inspected and replaced, and the program control system should be regularly calibrated; c) The clamp of the cable terminal should be inspected regularly to ensure tight contact and no rust; d) After the maintenance work is completed, the cables should be arranged neatly and classified clearly.

　　2） 儀器、儀表的保養應符合下列規定： a）各部件清潔； b）表盤標尺刻度清晰； c）銘牌、標記、鉛封完好； d）定期檢查更換防潮劑。

　　2) The maintenance of instruments and meters should comply with the following regulations: a) Cleaning of all components; b) The dial ruler has clear markings; c) The nameplates, markings, and lead seals are intact; d) Regularly inspect and replace moisture-proof agents.

　　3）儀器儀表零部件的清洗應符合下列規定： a）應使用酒精、清洗劑、超聲波等進行清洗； b）嚴禁使用對零部件有損害的清洗劑。

　　3) The cleaning of instrument components should comply with the following regulations: a) Alcohol, cleaning agents, ultrasonic waves, etc. should be used for cleaning; b) It is strictly prohibited to use cleaning agents that can damage components.

　　4） 儀器、儀表中各種元器件、探頭、轉換器等應定期檢修。

　　4) Various components, probes, converters, etc. in instruments and meters should be regularly inspected.

　　5） 儀器、儀表的維修工作應由專業技術人員負責。貴重儀器的維修應與專業維修部門或生產廠家聯系處理，不得隨意拆卸。

　　5) The maintenance work of instruments and meters should be the responsibility of professional technicians. The maintenance of valuable instruments should be handled by contacting professional maintenance departments or manufacturers, and should not be dismantled arbitrarily.

　　6）列入國家強制檢定范圍的儀器、儀表，應按時送技術監督部門檢定。

　　6) Instruments and meters included in the scope of mandatory national verification should be sent to the technical supervision department for verification on time.

　　3、安全操作 1）非工作人員不得隨意進入控制場所（室），控制場所（室）內設備、儀器應由專門人員負責操作。

　　3. Safe operation 1) Non staff members are not allowed to enter the control area (room) at will, and the equipment and instruments inside the control area (room) should be operated by specialized personnel.

　　2）檢修必須在設備斷電的情況下進行，當發現某個工序故障警報或設備因故障跳閘時，必須立即停機檢修，在排除故障后方可重新合閘。

　　2) Maintenance must be carried out when the equipment is powered off. When a fault alarm is detected in a certain process or the equipment trips due to a fault, the machine must be immediately shut down for maintenance. After the fault is eliminated, it can be reconnected.

　　3）應保持控制場所（室）與各工序的聯系暢通。檢修時應掛檢修牌明示。

　　3) Maintain smooth communication between the control area (room) and each process. During maintenance, maintenance signs should be hung to indicate.

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