在能源循環利用與環保轉型的背景下，熱解氣發電機組作為一種將熱解氣轉化為電能的設備，實現了廢棄物能源化的高效利用。它以有機廢棄物（如生物質、工業固廢）熱解產生的混合氣體為燃料，通過特定的燃燒與發電系統，將化學能轉化為電能，兼具環保與能源再生的雙重價值。

　　In the context of energy recycling and environmental transformation, the pyrolysis gas generator set, as a device that converts pyrolysis gas into electrical energy, has achieved efficient utilization of waste energy. It uses the mixed gas generated by the pyrolysis of organic waste (such as biomass and industrial solid waste) as fuel, and through specific combustion and power generation systems, converts chemical energy into electrical energy, with dual value of environmental protection and energy regeneration.

　　熱解氣發電機組的核心工作流程可分為三個關鍵環節。首先是熱解氣的預處理，熱解氣由碳氫化合物、一氧化碳、氫氣等成分組成，通常含有少量焦油、粉塵和水分，這些雜質會影響發動機燃燒效率并造成設備磨損。預處理系統通過過濾、冷卻、脫硫等工藝，去除氣體中的焦油（可采用催化裂解或吸附法）和粉塵（通過旋風分離器或布袋過濾），同時調節氣體濕度與壓力，使其達到發電機組的進氣標準。其次是燃燒做功過程，凈化后的熱解氣進入內燃機或燃氣輪機，在燃燒室中與空氣混合后點火燃燒，產生的高溫高壓氣體推動活塞或渦輪轉動，將熱能轉化為機械能。最后是發電環節，機械能通過發電機轉化為電能，同時可通過余熱回收裝置回收排氣中的熱量，用于預熱進氣或供應熱水，提升整體能源利用效率。

　　The core workflow of a pyrolysis gas generator set can be divided into three key stages. The first step is the pretreatment of pyrolysis gas, which is composed of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other components. It usually contains a small amount of tar, dust and moisture, which can affect the combustion efficiency of the engine and cause equipment wear. The pre-treatment system removes tar (which can be achieved through catalytic cracking or adsorption) and dust (filtered through cyclone separators or bag filters) from the gas through processes such as filtration, cooling, and desulfurization. At the same time, it adjusts the humidity and pressure of the gas to meet the inlet standards of the generator set. Next is the process of combustion work. The purified pyrolysis gas enters the internal combustion engine or gas turbine, mixes with air in the combustion chamber, and ignites for combustion. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas produced drives the piston or turbine to rotate, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. Finally, in the power generation process, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through a generator. At the same time, heat from the exhaust can be recovered through a waste heat recovery device, which can be used to preheat the intake air or supply hot water, improving overall energy utilization efficiency.

　　適配熱解氣特性的技術設計是機組穩定運行的關鍵。熱解氣的成分和熱值往往隨原料種類與熱解工藝波動，例如生物質熱解氣中甲烷含量較低，而工業固廢熱解氣可能含有較高比例的一氧化碳。為此，發電機組的發動機需采用靈活的燃料供給系統，通過電子控制單元實時調整空燃比，確保在氣體成分變化時仍能穩定燃燒。針對熱解氣燃燒速度較慢的特點，燃燒室采用特殊的渦流設計，增強氣體與空氣的混合效果，減少未燃盡氣體排放。此外，發動機的活塞、氣門等部件需采用耐腐蝕性材料，以應對熱解氣中可能含有的微量酸性成分（如硫化氫），延長設備使用壽命。

　　The technical design that adapts to the characteristics of pyrolysis gas is the key to the stable operation of the unit. The composition and calorific value of pyrolysis gas often fluctuate with the type of raw materials and pyrolysis process. For example, biomass pyrolysis gas has a lower methane content, while industrial solid waste pyrolysis gas may contain a higher proportion of carbon monoxide. Therefore, the engine of the generator set needs to adopt a flexible fuel supply system, which adjusts the air-fuel ratio in real time through an electronic control unit to ensure stable combustion even when the gas composition changes. In response to the slow combustion rate of pyrolysis gas, the combustion chamber adopts a special vortex design to enhance the mixing effect of gas and air and reduce the emission of unburned gas. In addition, the pistons, valves and other components of the engine need to be made of corrosion-resistant materials to cope with the trace acidic components (such as hydrogen sulfide) that may be contained in the pyrolysis gas and extend the service life of the equipment.

　　應用場景的多元化拓展體現了其環保與經濟價值。在農業領域，秸稈、木屑等生物質經熱解產生的氣體可驅動小型發電機組，為農村地區提供電力，同時熱解后的殘渣可作為有機肥還田，形成 “種植 — 熱解 — 發電 — 施肥” 的循環鏈條；在工業固廢處理中，橡膠、塑料等廢棄物熱解氣發電，既能減少填埋或焚燒帶來的污染，又能為廠區提供自給電力，降低外購電成本。例如，在生物質集中處理園區，一套中型熱解氣發電機組可滿足周邊數個村落的基礎用電需求，年減排二氧化碳數千噸，展現出顯著的環境效益。

　　The diversified expansion of application scenarios reflects its environmental and economic value. In the field of agriculture, the gas generated by the pyrolysis of biomass such as straw and sawdust can drive small power generators to provide electricity to rural areas. At the same time, the residue after pyrolysis can be used as organic fertilizer for returning to the field, forming a circular chain of "planting pyrolysis power generation fertilization"; In the treatment of industrial solid waste, the use of pyrolysis gas to generate electricity from waste such as rubber and plastic can not only reduce pollution caused by landfilling or incineration, but also provide self-sufficient electricity for the factory area and reduce the cost of purchasing electricity externally. For example, in a biomass centralized processing park, a medium-sized pyrolysis gas generator set can meet the basic electricity needs of several surrounding villages, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by thousands of tons annually and demonstrating significant environmental benefits.

　　與傳統發電設備相比，熱解氣發電機組的獨特優勢在于能源來源的可持續性與廢棄物的減量化。傳統化石燃料發電機組依賴不可再生資源，而熱解氣發電機組以廢棄物為燃料，原料成本低且來源廣泛，尤其適合固體廢棄物產量較大的地區。此外，其運行過程中二氧化碳排放呈現 “近零” 特性 —— 生物質熱解氣燃燒釋放的二氧化碳，與植物生長過程中吸收的二氧化碳形成循環，不會增加大氣中的碳總量。不過，該技術也面臨挑戰，如熱解氣產量不穩定導致的發電波動，需通過儲能設備或并網運行來平衡；同時，小型機組的發電效率相對較低（通常在 25%—35%），適合作為分布式能源補充系統。

　　Compared with traditional power generation equipment, the unique advantages of pyrolysis gas generator sets lie in the sustainability of energy sources and the reduction of waste. Traditional fossil fuel power generation units rely on non renewable resources, while pyrolysis gas power generation units use waste as fuel, with low raw material costs and wide sources, especially suitable for areas with large solid waste production. In addition, its carbon dioxide emissions during operation exhibit a "near zero" characteristic - the carbon dioxide released from biomass pyrolysis gas combustion forms a cycle with the carbon dioxide absorbed during plant growth, without increasing the total amount of carbon in the atmosphere. However, this technology also faces challenges, such as power generation fluctuations caused by unstable pyrolysis gas production, which need to be balanced through energy storage equipment or grid connected operation; Meanwhile, the power generation efficiency of small units is relatively low (usually between 25% and 35%), making them suitable as a distributed energy supplement system.

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