礦熱爐煤氣發(fā)電機組作為一種高效的能源轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)備，能夠?qū)⒌V熱爐生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的煤氣轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，實現(xiàn)資源的循環(huán)利用。然而，新機組的操作流程復(fù)雜且涉及諸多安全環(huán)節(jié)，操作人員必須嚴格遵循規(guī)范，以確保設(shè)備穩(wěn)定運行并避免安全事故。

　　As an efficient energy conversion device, the coal gas generator set of the ore blast furnace can convert the gas generated in the production process of the ore blast furnace into electrical energy, achieving the recycling of resources. However, the operation process of the new unit is complex and involves many safety links. Operators must strictly follow the specifications to ensure stable operation of the equipment and avoid safety accidents.

　　一、開機前準(zhǔn)備

　　1、 Preparation before startup

　　設(shè)備檢查

　　Equipment inspection

　　在啟動發(fā)電機組前，需對設(shè)備進行全面檢查。確認機組各部件安裝牢固，管道連接無泄漏，尤其是煤氣管道和閥門必須密封良好。檢查電氣線路是否完好，接地裝置是否可靠，避免因漏電引發(fā)安全隱患。同時，需確保冷卻系統(tǒng)、潤滑系統(tǒng)和燃氣供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)處于正常狀態(tài)，冷卻液和潤滑油液位符合要求。

　　Before starting the generator set, a comprehensive inspection of the equipment is required. Confirm that all components of the unit are securely installed and that there are no leaks in the pipeline connections, especially the gas pipeline and valves must be well sealed. Check whether the electrical circuit is intact and whether the grounding device is reliable to avoid safety hazards caused by leakage. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the cooling system, lubrication system, and gas supply system are in normal condition, and that the coolant and lubricant levels meet the requirements.

　　環(huán)境確認

　　Environmental confirmation

　　檢查機組運行環(huán)境是否符合要求。確保通風(fēng)良好，避免煤氣積聚；清理機組周圍雜物，保持操作空間暢通；檢查消防設(shè)施是否完備，并確保操作人員熟悉應(yīng)急處理流程。

　　Check if the operating environment of the unit meets the requirements. Ensure good ventilation to avoid gas accumulation; Clean up debris around the unit and keep the operating space unobstructed; Check whether the fire-fighting facilities are complete and ensure that the operators are familiar with the emergency response procedures.

　　參數(shù)設(shè)定

　　Parameter setting

　　根據(jù)礦熱爐煤氣成分（如一氧化碳、氫氣含量）和發(fā)電機組技術(shù)參數(shù)，預(yù)先設(shè)定合適的運行參數(shù)，包括燃氣壓力、溫度、轉(zhuǎn)速和負荷等。

　　Based on the composition of the coal gas in the ore blast furnace (such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen content) and the technical parameters of the generator set, appropriate operating parameters are pre-set, including gas pressure, temperature, speed, and load.

　　二、啟動與運行監(jiān)控

　　2、 Startup and operation monitoring

　　逐步啟動

　　Gradually start

　　啟動過程需遵循“分階段、慢加速”原則。首先開啟煤氣供應(yīng)閥門，點燃燃燒器進行預(yù)熱；待爐膛溫度達到要求后，逐步增加燃氣流量，緩慢提升機組轉(zhuǎn)速至額定值。避免因啟動過快導(dǎo)致設(shè)備熱應(yīng)力過大或燃燒不穩(wěn)定。

　　The startup process should follow the principle of "phased and slow acceleration". Firstly, open the gas supply valve and ignite the burner for preheating; After the furnace temperature reaches the required level, gradually increase the gas flow rate and slowly increase the unit speed to the rated value. Avoid excessive thermal stress or unstable combustion of the equipment caused by too fast startup.

　　實時監(jiān)控

　　Real time monitoring

　　機組運行期間，需通過控制系統(tǒng)持續(xù)監(jiān)測關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，如：

　　During the operation of the unit, key parameters need to be continuously monitored through the control system, such as:

　　燃氣壓力與流量：確保在安全范圍內(nèi)，避免壓力波動過大影響燃燒效率。

　　Gas pressure and flow rate: Ensure that they are within a safe range and avoid excessive pressure fluctuations that may affect combustion efficiency.

　　排氣溫度：防止因過熱損壞渦輪葉片或催化劑。

　　Exhaust temperature: To prevent damage to turbine blades or catalysts due to overheating.

　　振動與噪聲：異常振動或噪聲可能提示機械故障，需立即停機檢查。

　　Vibration and noise: Abnormal vibration or noise may indicate mechanical failure and require immediate shutdown for inspection.

　　電氣參數(shù)：監(jiān)控電壓、電流和功率因數(shù)，確保輸出電能質(zhì)量。

　　Electrical parameters: Monitor voltage, current, and power factor to ensure output power quality.

　　應(yīng)急處理

　　Emergency response

　　若運行中出現(xiàn)煤氣泄漏、設(shè)備過熱或異常振動等緊急情況，操作人員需立即啟動應(yīng)急預(yù)案：

　　If there is an emergency situation such as gas leakage, equipment overheating, or abnormal vibration during operation, the operator must immediately activate the emergency plan:

　　迅速關(guān)閉燃氣閥門，切斷氣源。

　　Quickly close the gas valve and cut off the gas source.

　　停機并開啟通風(fēng)設(shè)備，疏散現(xiàn)場人員。

　　Stop the machine and turn on the ventilation equipment, evacuate the on-site personnel.

　　聯(lián)系維修人員排查故障，嚴禁擅自處理。

　　Contact maintenance personnel to troubleshoot and strictly prohibit unauthorized handling.

　　三、停機與維護

　　3、 Shutdown and maintenance

　　規(guī)范停機

　　Standardize shutdown

　　停機時需逐步減少燃氣供應(yīng)，降低機組負荷至空載狀態(tài)，再關(guān)閉燃燒器。待機組完全冷卻后，切斷電源和氣源。避免突然停機導(dǎo)致設(shè)備熱應(yīng)力損傷。

　　When shutting down, gradually reduce the gas supply, lower the load of the unit to the no-load state, and then turn off the burner. After the standby group has completely cooled down, cut off the power and gas supply. Avoid sudden shutdown that may cause thermal stress damage to the equipment.

　　日常維護

　　Daily maintenance

　　清潔與檢查：定期清理機組表面灰塵和油污，檢查管道、閥門和密封件是否老化或損壞。

　　Cleaning and Inspection: Regularly clean the surface dust and oil stains of the unit, and check whether the pipelines, valves, and seals are aging or damaged.

　　潤滑保養(yǎng)：按說明書要求更換潤滑油和濾芯，確保軸承和齒輪潤滑良好。

　　Lubrication and maintenance: Replace the lubricating oil and filter element according to the instructions to ensure good lubrication of the bearings and gears.

　　校準(zhǔn)與測試：定期校準(zhǔn)傳感器和儀表，測試安全閥、報警裝置的功能是否正常。

　　Calibration and testing: Regularly calibrate sensors and instruments, test the functionality of safety valves and alarm devices.

　　記錄與分析

　　Record and analyze

　　建立設(shè)備運行日志，記錄開機時間、運行參數(shù)、維護記錄和異常情況。通過數(shù)據(jù)分析提前發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在故障，優(yōu)化操作流程。

　　Establish equipment operation logs to record startup time, operating parameters, maintenance records, and abnormal situations. Identify potential faults in advance through data analysis and optimize operational processes.

　　四、安全培訓(xùn)與規(guī)范操作

　　4、 Safety training and standardized operation

　　操作人員需經(jīng)過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，熟悉機組結(jié)構(gòu)、操作流程和安全規(guī)范。嚴禁無證上崗或違規(guī)操作。同時，企業(yè)應(yīng)制定完善的安全管理制度，定期開展應(yīng)急演練，提升全員安全意識。

　　Operators need to undergo professional training, familiarize themselves with the unit structure, operating procedures, and safety regulations. It is strictly prohibited to work without a license or engage in illegal operations. At the same time, enterprises should establish a sound safety management system, regularly conduct emergency drills, and enhance the safety awareness of all employees.

　　總之，礦熱爐煤氣發(fā)電機組新機的操作需以“安全第一、預(yù)防為主”為原則，通過嚴格的準(zhǔn)備、監(jiān)控和維護流程，確保設(shè)備高效、穩(wěn)定運行，為企業(yè)的能源利用和安全生產(chǎn)提供有力保障。

　　In short, the operation of the new coal gas generator set for the ore blast furnace should be based on the principle of "safety first, prevention oriented". Through strict preparation, monitoring, and maintenance processes, the equipment should be ensured to operate efficiently and stably, providing strong guarantees for the energy utilization and safety production of the enterprise.

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