1. The crank connecting rod mechanism is the main moving component that completes energy conversion during the actual working cycle of the engine. It consists of a body assembly, a piston connecting rod assembly, and a crankshaft flywheel assembly. During the process of doing work, the piston undergoes linear motion in the cylinder under the pressure of gas, which is converted into the rotational motion of the crankshaft through the connecting rod, and outputs power from the crankshaft to the outside. During the intake, compression, and exhaust processes, the flywheel releases energy to convert the rotational motion of the crankshaft into linear motion of the piston.

2、 配氣機構 配氣機構的功用是根據發動機的工作順序和工作過程，定時開啟、關閉進氣門和排氣門，使可燃混合氣或空氣進入氣缸，并使廢氣從氣缸內排出，實現換氣過程。配氣機構大多數采用頂置氣門式配氣機構，一般由氣門組、氣門傳動組和氣門驅動組組成。

2. The function of the valve mechanism is to regularly open and close the intake and exhaust valves according to the working sequence and process of the engine, allowing the combustible mixture or air to enter the cylinder and exhaust the exhaust gas from the cylinder, achieving the gas exchange process. The majority of valve trains use overhead valve trains, which are generally composed of valve sets, valve transmission sets, and valve drive sets.

3、 燃料供給系 汽油機燃料供給系的功用是根據發動機的要求，配制出一定數量和濃度的混合氣，供入 氣缸，并將燃燒后的廢氣從氣缸內排出到大氣中，柴油機燃料供給系的功用是把柴油和空氣分別供入氣缸，在燃燒室內形成混合氣并燃燒，后將燃燒后的廢氣排出。 沼氣發電機機

3. The function of the fuel supply system for gasoline engines is to prepare a certain amount and concentration of mixed gas according to the requirements of the engine, supply it to the cylinder, and exhaust the burnt exhaust gas from the cylinder to the atmosphere. The function of the diesel engine fuel supply system is to supply diesel and air separately to the cylinder, form a mixed gas in the combustion chamber and burn it, and finally exhaust the burnt exhaust gas. Biogas generator

4、 潤滑系 潤滑系的功用是向作相對運動的零件表面輸送定量的清潔潤滑油，以實現液體摩擦，減小摩擦阻力，減輕機件的磨損，并對零件表面進行清洗和冷卻，潤滑系通常由潤滑油道、機油泵、機油濾清器和一些閥門等組成。

4. Lubrication system The function of the lubrication system is to deliver a certain amount of clean lubricating oil to the surface of parts in relative motion to achieve liquid friction, reduce friction resistance, reduce wear of parts, and clean and cool the surface of parts. The lubrication system is usually composed of lubricating oil passages, oil pumps, oil filter and some valves.

5、 冷卻系 冷卻系的功用是將受熱零件吸收的部分熱量及時散發出去，保證發動機在適宜的溫度狀態下工作。水冷發動機的冷卻系通常由冷卻水套、水泵、風扇、水箱、節溫器等組成。

5. The function of the cooling system is to timely dissipate some of the heat absorbed by the heated parts, ensuring that the engine operates at the most suitable temperature state. The cooling system of a water-cooled engine usually consists of a cooling water jacket, water pump, fan, water tank, thermostat, etc.

6、點火系 能夠按時在火花塞電極間產生電火花的全部設備成為點火系。在汽油機中，氣缸內的可燃混合氣是靠電火花點燃的，為此在汽油機的氣缸蓋上裝有火花塞，火花塞頭部深入燃燒室內。點火系通常由蓄電池、發電機、分電器、點火線圈和火花塞等組成。

6. The ignition system refers to all equipment that can generate electric sparks between the spark plug electrodes on time. In a gasoline engine, the combustible mixture in the cylinder is ignited by an electric spark. Therefore, a spark plug is installed on the cylinder head of the gasoline engine, and the spark plug head penetrates into the combustion chamber. The ignition system usually consists of a battery, generator, distributor, ignition coil, and spark plug.

7、 啟動系 發動機由靜止狀態過渡到工作狀態，必須先用外力轉動發動機的曲軸，使活塞作往復運動，氣缸內的可燃混合氣燃燒膨脹做功，推動活塞向下運動使曲軸旋轉，發動機才能自行運轉，工作循環才能自動進行。因此，曲軸在外力作用下開始轉動到發動機開始自動地怠速運轉的全過程，稱為發動機的啟動。完成啟動過程所需的裝置，稱為發動機的啟動系。 汽油機由以上兩大機構和五大系統組成，即由曲柄連桿機構、配氣機構、燃燒供給系、潤滑系、冷卻系、點火系和啟動系組成；

7. The starting system engine transitions from a stationary state to a working state. It must first use external force to rotate the engine's crankshaft, causing the piston to move back and forth. The combustible mixture in the cylinder burns and expands to do work, pushing the piston downward to rotate the crankshaft. Only then can the engine run on its own and the working cycle proceed automatically. Therefore, the entire process of the crankshaft starting to rotate under external force until the engine starts to automatically idle is called engine starting. The device required to complete the starting process is called the starting system of the engine. The gasoline engine is composed of the above two major mechanisms and five major systems, namely the crank linkage mechanism, valve distribution mechanism, combustion supply system, lubrication system, cooling system, ignition system, and starting system;

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