The impact of solid particles such as dust on gas internal combustion generator sets mainly lies in causing filter blockage, insufficient air intake, and pressure reduction. Inside the engine cylinder, it can cause wear on the cylinder wall and piston, as well as contaminate the lubricating oil, resulting in wear on other components such as sliding bearings and affecting the normal operation of the unit. The built-in filter of the engine gas intake valve group is only used to protect the system from particle damage and cannot be used as a workload filter. Users should install a workload filter in the gas pipeline, and the filter should be installed when the particle diameter is greater than 3 μ At m, the separation rate must reach 99.99% or above.

對于助燃空氣，顏巴赫燃氣發電機組要求空氣中顆粒物含量不高于0.1 mg/Nm3，助燃空氣過濾器至少滿足EN779 G3等級，且必須確保各類工藝的排放氣體（如工業廢氣、生物過程排放尾氣或溶劑）不能進入到發動機助燃空氣中，以免影響發動機的運行。

For combustion air, Yanbach gas generator sets require that the particulate matter content in the air should not exceed 0.1 mg/Nm3, and the combustion air filter should at least meet the EN779 G3 level. It is necessary to ensure that the exhaust gases from various processes (such as industrial waste gas, biological process exhaust gas, or solvents) cannot enter the engine combustion air to avoid affecting engine operation.

硫

sulfur

在生物沼氣等燃氣中常常含有硫化氫等含硫化合物，如果在氣缸內燃燒則形成二氧化硫和三氧化硫。由于燃氣中含有水分且燃氣燃燒也將產生水分，含硫化合物溶于水形成氫硫酸、亞硫酸和硫酸，這些酸性物質會對發動機金屬部件產生腐蝕。含硫化合物溶于機油中也會使機油酸化，降低機油的潤滑能力，縮短機油使用壽命，并且對發動機內需要通過機油進行潤滑的部件產生腐蝕性影響，例如軸瓦、凸輪搖臂機構等。此外，含硫化合物也會對火花塞的金屬電極產生腐蝕，縮短火花塞使用壽命。

Gases such as biogas often contain sulfur containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. If burned in the cylinder, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide are formed. Due to the presence of moisture in gas and the generation of moisture during combustion, sulfur-containing compounds dissolve in water to form hydrosulfuric acid, sulfite, and sulfuric acid, which can corrode engine metal components. Sulfur-containing compounds dissolved in engine oil can also acidify the oil, reduce its lubrication ability, shorten its service life, and have corrosive effects on components that need to be lubricated through oil in the engine, such as bearing shells, cam rocker mechanisms, etc. In addition, sulfur compounds can also corrode the metal electrodes of spark plugs, shortening their service life.

燃氣內燃發電機組對于燃氣含硫量的具體要求跟機組型號以及燃氣甲烷濃度等都有關系，一般來說進入發動機的燃氣中含硫總量應低于300 mg/Nm3。此外，帶預燃室的機型通常有額外的要求。如果有帶催化劑的尾氣處理設備，還需考慮催化劑對硫含量的要求。

The specific requirements for gas sulfur content in gas internal combustion generator sets are related to the unit model and gas methane concentration. Generally, the total sulfur content in the gas entering the engine should be less than 300 mg/Nm3. In addition, models with pre combustion chambers typically have additional requirements. If there is a tail gas treatment equipment with a catalyst, it is also necessary to consider the catalyst's requirements for sulfur content.

在熱電聯供系統中，發動機尾氣常通過煙氣熱水換熱器進行熱交換以回收尾氣余熱。如果煙氣溫度降到硫氧化物（SOx）的酸露點以下，則會對換熱器產生腐蝕。圖1為硫氧化物的濃度與酸露點的曲線。

In a cogeneration system, engine exhaust is often heat exchanged through a flue gas hot water heat exchanger to recover exhaust heat. If the flue gas temperature drops below the acid dew point of sulfur oxides (SOx), it will cause corrosion to the heat exchanger. Figure 1 shows the curve between the concentration of sulfur oxides and the acid dew point.

揮發性有機硅化合物（VOSC）

Volatile Organic Silicon Compounds (VOSC)

在生物沼氣、垃圾填埋氣中常常出現有機硅化合物，并且以硅氧烷分解物的形式存在，其特性是可燃、易揮發。這種物質在發動機中燃燒后會產生氧化硅，久而久之會形成沉積物覆蓋在發動機氣缸蓋表面，這會增加發動機的維護工作。如果發電系統配置了催化氧化劑尾氣處理裝置，此類雜質還會使催化劑失效。

Organic silicon compounds often appear in biogas and landfill gas, and exist in the form of siloxane decomposition products, which are flammable and volatile. After combustion in the engine, this substance will produce silicon oxide, which over time will form sediment covering the surface of the engine cylinder head, which will increase the maintenance work of the engine. If the power generation system is equipped with a catalytic oxidant tail gas treatment device, such impurities can also cause catalyst failure.

由于揮發性可氧化硅化合物的波動性，分析其在燃氣中的含量較為困難。因此，我們可以對機油進行分析，根據發電機組制造商所提供的檢測要求和計算公式，通過在一定運行小時內進行兩次機油檢測，對機油中硅總量進行分析計算特征值，以確定是否滿足機組正常運行的要求。

Due to the volatility of volatile oxidizable silicon compounds, it is difficult to analyze their content in gas. Therefore, we can analyze the oil and, based on the testing requirements and calculation formulas provided by the generator set manufacturer, conduct two oil tests within a certain operating hour to analyze and calculate the characteristic values of the total silicon content in the oil, in order to determine whether it meets the requirements for normal operation of the unit.

焦油

Tar

在冷卻至低于露點的情況下，如果在燃氣或者混合氣中析出固態、液態或者高黏度產物形式的碳氫化合物，則將這類冷凝或者升華產物稱為焦油。由于不同的運行溫度和熱化學反應過程，生物質熱解和氣化過程中會產生成百上千種不同類別的焦油。通常，此類碳氫化合物在低溫遇冷時凝結成液態，會堵塞進氣系統、渦輪增壓器葉片和中冷器等。

If hydrocarbons in the form of solid, liquid, or high viscosity products are precipitated in the gas or mixture when cooled to below the dew point, such condensation or sublimation products are called tar. Due to different operating temperatures and thermochemical reaction processes, hundreds or thousands of different types of tar are produced during biomass pyrolysis and gasification. Usually, such hydrocarbons condense into liquid when they are cooled at low temperature, which will block the intake system, turbocharger blades, intercooler, etc.

很難用簡單的冷凝方法完全去除焦油，因此對于含有焦油的燃氣，需要在燃氣進氣閥組管路上安裝加熱裝置，同時避免溫度較低的助燃空氣與含有此類碳氫化合物的燃氣混合。對生物質熱解氣進行預處理后，對其中焦油的露點進行分析是一個行之有效的方法。燃氣中焦油露點一般應低于燃氣露點5°C以上，這樣才能避免焦油進入燃氣接觸的部件內。以顏巴赫燃氣發電機組為例，機組對燃氣進氣溫度的范圍要求是10 - 40°C。

It is difficult to completely remove tar using a simple condensation method. Therefore, for gas containing tar, it is necessary to install a heating device on the gas inlet valve group pipeline, while avoiding the mixing of low-temperature combustion air with gas containing such hydrocarbons. Analyzing the dew point of tar in biomass pyrolysis gas after pre-treatment is an effective method. The dew point of tar in gas should generally be 5 ° C or above lower than the dew point of gas, in order to prevent tar from entering components in contact with gas. Taking Yanbach gas generator unit as an example, the range of gas inlet temperature required by the unit is 10-40 ° C.

通過上述分析可以發現，燃氣中幾種常見雜質將影響燃氣內燃發電機組的正常運行。如果使用雜質超標的燃氣，某些情況下發電機組也許不會立即發生運行指標衰減、故障停機等顯性問題。但這類雜質對發電機組帶來的危害將逐漸累積，并對機組的運行效果，正常維護間隙甚至使用壽命產生非常深遠的負面影響。

Through the above analysis, it can be found that several common impurities in gas will affect the normal operation of gas internal combustion power generation units. If gas with excessive impurities is used, in some cases, the generator unit may not immediately experience obvious problems such as operational indicator attenuation and fault shutdown. However, the harm caused by such impurities to the power generation unit will gradually accumulate, and have a very profound negative impact on the operation effect, normal maintenance clearance, and even service life of the unit.

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